男孩與女孩處理語言信息的大腦區(qū)域存在差異。(圖片提供: Randy Faris/Corbis)
根據(jù)發(fā)表在《神經(jīng)心理學(xué)》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究成果,,青春期的男孩和女孩在處理語言信息的過程中,,似乎借助了不同的大腦區(qū)域,。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)表明,,對(duì)男孩和女孩應(yīng)當(dāng)使用不同的教育方法。
據(jù)美國《科學(xué)》雜志在線報(bào)道,,通常情況下,,在大多數(shù)語言測試(包括口頭表述和詞匯記憶)中,女孩的成績往往會(huì)好于男孩,。因此,,美國伊利諾伊州埃文斯通市西北大學(xué)的認(rèn)知科學(xué)家Douglas Burman和James Booth便想搞清,在這種性別差異的背后是否隱藏著不同的大腦活動(dòng),。
研究人員在50名9歲至15歲的兒童中——其中一半是女孩——進(jìn)行了幾項(xiàng)詞匯測試,。例如,一對(duì)詞語會(huì)在屏幕上閃爍或被念出來,,而這些孩子們則被要求判斷它們是否壓韻。作為對(duì)每次語言信息的響應(yīng),,受試者的大腦活動(dòng)受到了功能磁共振成像的監(jiān)控,,這種技術(shù)能夠測量大腦不同區(qū)域的血流狀況。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),,與男孩相比,,女孩大腦中的語言區(qū)域在這一過程中要活躍得多。而男孩大腦中與處理這些信息相關(guān)的特殊感官區(qū)域——例如視覺區(qū)域和聽覺區(qū)域——卻顯示出了更大的活性,。
研究人員推斷,,女孩更多地依賴普通的語言處理機(jī)制,后者能夠?qū)θ魏谓邮盏降男盘幚?,而男孩在處理這些信息時(shí)則主要依靠感官模式,。根據(jù)Burman研究小組的發(fā)現(xiàn),這些差異并不會(huì)在成年后繼續(xù)存在,。但它或許反映了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí),,即與女性相比,男性要花更長的時(shí)間才能夠走向成熟,。但是Burman指出,,這項(xiàng)研究成果對(duì)于教育有著十分重要的意義,例如,,在中學(xué)按性別進(jìn)行分班教學(xué)未必是一件壞事,。
賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家Ruben Gur認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)研究“作出了重要的貢獻(xiàn)”,。他說,人們對(duì)于認(rèn)知的性別差異進(jìn)行了大量的研究,,其中的許多工作顯示出大腦中的性別差異,。但“鮮有”一項(xiàng)研究,能夠在這兩者之間建立起聯(lián)系,。加利福尼亞大學(xué)歐文分校的腦成像學(xué)者Richard Haier強(qiáng)調(diào),,這一結(jié)論與他所報(bào)告的用于智力測試的大腦區(qū)域存在性別差異的觀點(diǎn)能夠“完美地吻合”。他表示:“這篇論文讓我們更加清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到,,并非所有的大腦都按照相同的方式工作,。”(《科學(xué)時(shí)報(bào)》 群芳)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Neuropsychologia
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.12.021
Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Sex differences in neural processing of language among children
Douglas D. Burmana, b, , , Tali Bitanc and James R. Bootha, b
aDepartment of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
bDepartment of Radiology, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, IL, USA
cDepartment of Communication Disorders, Haifa University, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, Israel
Received 19 April 2007; revised 17 October 2007; accepted 14 December 2007. Available online 4 January 2008.
Abstract
Why females generally perform better on language tasks than males is unknown. Sex differences were here identified in children (ages 9–15) across two linguistic tasks for words presented in two modalities. Bilateral activation in the inferior frontal and superior temporal gyri and activation in the left fusiform gyrus of girls was greater than in boys. Activation in the left inferior frontal and fusiform regions of girls was also correlated with linguistic accuracy irregardless of stimulus modality, whereas correlation with performance accuracy in boys depended on the modality of word presentation (either in visual or auditory association cortex). This pattern suggests that girls rely on a supramodal language network, whereas boys process visual and auditory words differently. Activation in the left fusiform region was additionally correlated with performance on standardized language tests in which girls performed better, additional evidence of its role in early sex differences for language.
Keywords: fMRI; Gender; Development; Reading; Skill
Corresponding author at: Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Tel.: +1 847 467 1549; fax: +1 847 491 4975.