一項(xiàng)來自美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院(NIH)下屬國(guó)立中風(fēng)和神經(jīng)性疾病研究所(NIDDK)和美國(guó)哈佛大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的新的研究成果表明,神經(jīng)元和植物的根系細(xì)胞可能使用了類似的生長(zhǎng)機(jī)制,。該新研究表明,,一些形式的遺傳性痙攣性下肢癱瘓疾病(HSP)普遍存在潛在的缺陷與廣泛用于農(nóng)業(yè)研究中的植物根毛異常發(fā)生機(jī)制中存在的缺陷及其相似,。研究結(jié)果還提示,,擬南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)對(duì)于HSP 的研究非常有用。這項(xiàng)發(fā)表在8月7日Cell雜志上,。
HSP 是一類遺傳性神經(jīng)紊亂疾病,,患者體內(nèi)一些最長(zhǎng)的神經(jīng)元不能正常生長(zhǎng),并且無法正常行使功能,。HSP在不同家族中存在著許多不同的形式,,共有40多個(gè)基因已經(jīng)證實(shí)與這種疾病相關(guān)。新研究表明,,內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)(ER)的形態(tài)缺陷是造成HSP 的一種常見的原因,。研究人員推論,在一些形式的HSP 中,,內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)失去其復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài),,從而導(dǎo)致其無法支持皮質(zhì)脊髓軸突生長(zhǎng)與修護(hù)。這項(xiàng)新的研究的重點(diǎn)在于一個(gè)被稱作atlastin的基因上,。這個(gè)基因在10%左右的HSP 患者體內(nèi)均有缺陷,,研究人員以往的研究中也表明,該基因在神經(jīng)軸突生長(zhǎng)中起作用,。這項(xiàng)新的研究表明,,在哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞中atlastin蛋白對(duì)于維護(hù)內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)的形狀是必要的,在面包酵母中,,與其類似的蛋白質(zhì)Sey1p蛋白也執(zhí)行相同的功能,。
研究者通過證明atlastin與一類被稱為DP1蛋白家族之間的聯(lián)系,來說明內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)的缺陷與HSP 之間存在的普遍聯(lián)系,。幾年前,,Prinz博士和Rapoport博士報(bào)道,在酵母中DP1的類似物調(diào)控著內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)的形狀,。同時(shí),,其他研究人員也分別報(bào)道,3%到8%HSP病例都是由REEP1 的突變引起的,,而REEP1蛋白就屬于DP1蛋白家族,。這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果表明,在哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞中atlastin與DP1相互發(fā)生物理作用,而在酵母中Sey1p(酵母中的atlastin)與DP1的類似物相互作用,。
研究人員同時(shí)指出,,擬南芥中也存在類似atlastin的基因,即所謂的根毛缺陷3 基因(RHD3),。RHD3的突變導(dǎo)致植物產(chǎn)生短的,、波浪狀的根毛。如果軸突生長(zhǎng)和根毛生長(zhǎng)之間的關(guān)系能被進(jìn)一步的研究證實(shí),,擬南芥將可能成為研究HSP 發(fā)病機(jī)制的一個(gè)有用的工具,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Cell, Volume 138, Issue 3, 549-561, 7 August 2009 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.025
A Class of Dynamin-like GTPases Involved in the Generation of the Tubular ER Network
Junjie Hu1,4,5,Yoko Shibata1,5,Peng-Peng Zhu2,5,Christiane Voss3,Neggy Rismanchi2,William A. Prinz3,Tom A. Rapoport1,,andCraig Blackstone2
1 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
2 Cellular Neurology Unit, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
3 Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consists of tubules that are shaped by the reticulons and DP1/Yop1p, but how the tubules form an interconnected network is unknown. Here, we show that mammalian atlastins, which are dynamin-like, integral membrane GTPases, interact with the tubule-shaping proteins. The atlastins localize to the tubular ER and are required for proper network formation invivo and invitro. Depletion of the atlastins or overexpression of dominant-negative forms inhibits tubule interconnections. The Sey1p GTPase in S. cerevisiae is likely a functional ortholog of the atlastins; it shares the same signature motifs and membrane topology andinteracts genetically and physically with the tubule-shaping proteins. Cells simultaneously lacking Sey1p and a tubule-shaping protein have ER morphology defects. These results indicate that formation of the tubular ER network depends on conserved dynamin-like GTPases. Since atlastin-1 mutations cause a common form of hereditary spastic paraplegia, we suggest ER-shaping defects as a neuropathogenic mechanism.