加拿大研究人員在新一期《科學(xué)》雜志發(fā)表文章說,他們利用超級計算機技術(shù),,創(chuàng)造了一個具備簡單認(rèn)知能力的虛擬大腦,,該成果有望幫助人類更好地了解大腦運作,。
據(jù)加拿大滑鐵盧大學(xué)的研究人員介紹,,這個名為“Spaun”的虛擬大腦主體是個基于超級計算機構(gòu)建的數(shù)字模型,,它通過一個類似攝像鏡頭的儀器來觀察,并可指揮機械臂進行書寫等動作,,更重要的是,,系統(tǒng)中還包括250萬個模擬“神經(jīng)元”,它們能通過變化的電壓來模擬腦電波,。
“Spaun”可執(zhí)行多項簡單的認(rèn)知任務(wù),對別人提出的問題以及通過虛擬“眼睛”觀察到的事物作出回應(yīng),。例如,,研究人員向“Spaun”展示數(shù)字“2”的不同寫法圖片后,它可以根據(jù)寫法的不同重新畫出這個數(shù)字,。它還有不錯的記憶力,,可依次將之前看到的一連串?dāng)?shù)字寫出來。
研究人員說,,“Spaun”是首個能模擬大腦利用不同區(qū)間溝通來展示復(fù)雜行為的模型,,但目前它在功能性上還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)無法與真正的大腦相比,。
此前也有不少利用超級計算機模擬大腦功能的項目,但滑鐵盧大學(xué)的研究人員說,,“Spaun”與它們的最大不同是,,此前的項目僅模擬大腦的功能形式,而“Spaun”則能展示這些功能如何作用于各種行為,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi: 10.1126/science.1225266
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A large-scale model of the functioning brain
Eliasmith C, Stewart TC, Choo X, Bekolay T, DeWolf T, Tang C, Rasmussen D.
A central challenge for cognitive and systems neuroscience is to relate the incredibly complex behavior of animals to the equally complex activity of their brains. Recently described, large-scale neural models have not bridged this gap between neural activity and biological function. In this work, we present a 2.5-million-neuron model of the brain (called "Spaun") that bridges this gap by exhibiting many different behaviors. The model is presented only with visual image sequences, and it draws all of its responses with a physically modeled arm. Although simplified, the model captures many aspects of neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and psychological behavior, which we demonstrate via eight diverse tasks.