對(duì)一種真菌的基因組測序研究或許能夠回答一種病原物為什么能夠成為病原物,。這種真菌能導(dǎo)致最嚴(yán)重的谷物疾病,，并且還能產(chǎn)生可能對(duì)人和家畜有生命威脅的毒素。
這種真菌（禾谷鐮孢菌,，F(xiàn)usarium graminearum）對(duì)小麥和大麥的破壞尤為嚴(yán)重,，過去10年在美國造成大約100億美元的損失。測序了這種真菌基因的研究人員表示,，這個(gè)基因組將會(huì)幫助他們發(fā)現(xiàn)到底是什么使得這種特殊的病原物如何有害,、是什么起到了散播這種真菌的過程以及為什么不同的真菌攻擊特定的作物。
普渡大學(xué)的華裔教授徐金榮表示,，這些研究還可能有助于研究人員創(chuàng)造出可以完全抵抗這種真菌的作物,。徐教授目前正在確定哪些基因使得禾谷鐮孢菌引發(fā)麥類赤霉病。
在近日的《科學(xué)》雜志上,，徐教授和他所率領(lǐng)的國際科學(xué)家研究組報(bào)道說,，這種真菌中的特定染色體區(qū)域似乎決定了植物和真菌分子相互作用，這種相互作用使這種真菌能夠侵染作物并導(dǎo)致疾病的發(fā)生,。
徐教授領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究組定位了這種真菌染色體上的所有基因,，然后鑒定出基因的化學(xué)組成，即序列,。
原始出處:
Science 7 September 2007:
Vol. 317. no. 5843, pp. 1400 - 1402
DOI: 10.1126/science.1143708
The Fusarium graminearum Genome Reveals a Link Between Localized Polymorphism and Pathogen Specialization
Christina A. Cuomo,1 Ulrich Güldener,2,3 Jin-Rong Xu,4 Frances Trail,5 B. Gillian Turgeon,6 Antonio Di Pietro,7 Jonathan D. Walton,5 Li-Jun Ma,1 Scott E. Baker,8 Martijn Rep,9 Gerhard Adam,10 John Antoniw,11 Thomas Baldwin,11 Sarah Calvo,1 Yueh-Long Chang,12 David DeCaprio,1 Liane R. Gale,12 Sante Gnerre,1 Rubella S. Goswami,12 Kim Hammond-Kosack,11 Linda J. Harris,13 Karen Hilburn,14 John C. Kennell,15 Scott Kroken,16 Jon K. Magnuson,8 Gertrud Mannhaupt,3 Evan Mauceli,1 Hans-Werner Mewes,2,3 Rudolf Mitterbauer,10 Gary Muehlbauer,12 Martin Münsterkötter,3 David Nelson,17 Kerry O'Donnell,18 Thérèse Ouellet,13 Weihong Qi,5 Hadi Quesneville,19 M. Isabel G. Roncero,7 Kye-Yong Seong,12 Igor V. Tetko,3,21 Martin Urban,11 Cees Waalwijk,20 Todd J. Ward,18 Jiqiang Yao,4 Bruce W. Birren,1 H. Corby Kistler12,14*
We sequenced and annotated the genome of the filamentous fungus Fusarium graminearum, a major pathogen of cultivated cereals. Very few repetitive sequences were detected, and the process of repeat-induced point mutation, in which duplicated sequences are subject to extensive mutation, may partially account for the reduced repeat content and apparent low number of paralogous (ancestrally duplicated) genes. A second strain of F. graminearum contained more than 10,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, which were frequently located near telomeres and within other discrete chromosomal segments. Many highly polymorphic regions contained sets of genes implicated in plant-fungus interactions and were unusually divergent, with higher rates of recombination. These regions of genome innovation may result from selection due to interactions of F. graminearum with its plant hosts.
1 Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
2 Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
3 Institute for Bioinformatics, GSF National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
4 Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
5 Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
6 Cornell University, Ithaca,NY14853,USA.
7 Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
8 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
9 University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
10 BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
11 Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK.
12 University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
13 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
14 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
15 St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA.
16 University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
17 University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
18 USDA ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
19 Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France.
20 Plant Research International, Wageningen, Netherlands.
21 Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Photochemistry, National Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]
