來(lái)自美國(guó)國(guó)家醫(yī)學(xué)研究所的研究人員對(duì)維生素D缺乏與結(jié)核病的發(fā)病率進(jìn)行了研究,，發(fā)現(xiàn)無(wú)論是否有HIV感染，維生素D缺乏均與結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染有關(guān),，且結(jié)核病的發(fā)病率與血清25-羥維生素D水平的季節(jié)性變化成反比關(guān)系,。
為了研究維生素D缺乏與未感染HIV的人群對(duì)結(jié)核分枝桿菌（TB）的敏感性之間的關(guān)系，研究人員對(duì)南非開(kāi)普敦的未感染HIV者（n=196）與HIV感染者(n=174)進(jìn)行橫斷面研究,，并對(duì)維生素D水平的季節(jié)性變化與對(duì)結(jié)核病報(bào)告率進(jìn)行了長(zhǎng)達(dá)8年的調(diào)查,。
在370名被調(diào)查者中，232名（62.7%）有維生素D缺乏（血清25-羥維生素D[25(OH)D] <50 nmol/L）,，并且在未感染HIV者和HIV感染者中都與TB的活動(dòng)有關(guān),。調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)血清維生素D水平呈季節(jié)性變化,，1月~3月血清25(OH)D 水平最高，7月~9月最低,。而開(kāi)普敦2003至2010年間,，結(jié)核病的季度報(bào)告率在4月~6月最低，10月~12月最高,。在開(kāi)普敦的黑人中,，維生素D與TB的活動(dòng)高度相關(guān)，無(wú)論其是否有HIV感染,，血清25(OH)D濃度的季節(jié)性變化與TB感染成反比關(guān)系,。（生物谷bioon.com）
doi:10.1073/pnas.1111825108
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Reciprocal seasonal variation in vitamin D status and tuberculosis notifications in Cape Town, South Africa
Adrian R. Martineau, Shepherd Nhamoyebonde, Tolu Oni, Molebogeng X. Rangaka, Suzaan Marais, Nonzwakazi Bangani, Relebohile Tsekela, Lizl Bashe, Virginia de Azevedo, Judy Caldwell, Timothy R. Venton, Peter M. Timms, Katalin A. Wilkinson, and Robert J. Wilkinson
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-uninfected people in Europe, but it is not known whether such an association exists among HIV-infected people in subtropical Africa. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine whether vitamin D deficiency was associated with susceptibility to active TB in HIV-uninfected (n = 196) and HIV-infected (n = 174) black Africans in Cape Town, South Africa. We also investigated whether there was evidence of seasonal variation in vitamin D status and TB notifications in this setting over an 8-y period. Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] <50 nmol/L) was present in 232 (62.7%) of 370 participants and was associated with active TB in both HIV-uninfected (odds ratio = 5.2, 95% confidence interval: 2.8–9.7; P < 0.001) and HIV-infected (odds ratio = 5.6, 95% confidence interval: 2.7–11.6; P < 0.001) people. Vitamin D status varied according to season: The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was highest in January through March and lowest in July through September (56.8 vs. 30.7 nmol/L, respectively; P < 0.001). Reciprocal seasonal variation in TB notifications was observed: The mean number of TB notifications per quarter for Cape Town in 2003 to 2010 was lowest in April through June and highest in October through December (4,222 vs. 5,080; P < 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among black Africans in Cape Town and is associated with susceptibility to active TB both in the presence and absence of HIV infection. Reciprocal seasonal variation in serum 25(OH)D concentration and TB notifications suggests that seasonal variations in vitamin D status and TB incidence in this setting are causally related.
