我國(guó)科學(xué)家在神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞研究方面取得重要進(jìn)展,,由復(fù)旦大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)神經(jīng)生物學(xué)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室教授楊振綱領(lǐng)銜的研究小組經(jīng)過(guò)3年多艱辛工作,,發(fā)現(xiàn)了成年獼猴和人類的大腦中存有神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞和新生的神經(jīng)元,并首次詳細(xì)描述了由神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞生成的新生神經(jīng)元的特征及遷移路線,。
相關(guān)系列論文已于近日陸續(xù)發(fā)表在國(guó)際主流學(xué)術(shù)期刊《神經(jīng)科學(xué)雜志》,、《細(xì)胞研究》和《歐洲神經(jīng)科學(xué)雜志》上,引起國(guó)內(nèi)外同行關(guān)注,。有關(guān)專家認(rèn)為,,“該成果為人類腦損傷后神經(jīng)再生帶來(lái)新的希望”。
長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),,醫(yī)學(xué)界一直認(rèn)為大腦內(nèi)沒(méi)有神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞,,而大腦因疾病或外傷而損失的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞是不可再生的。但經(jīng)過(guò)近20年來(lái)的努力,,科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)成年哺乳動(dòng)物腦內(nèi)仍然存有神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞,,這些干細(xì)胞可以不斷產(chǎn)生新的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞,它們?cè)谀X內(nèi)會(huì)“自動(dòng)”遷移到不同腦區(qū),,并對(duì)學(xué)習(xí),、記憶和嗅覺(jué)等發(fā)揮作用。然而,,以往科學(xué)家對(duì)神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞的研究主要在小白鼠上進(jìn)行,,而對(duì)神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞在人類等靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物大腦中的分布狀況、功能等卻知之甚少,。
神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞在靈長(zhǎng)類大腦中存在與否,,有何功能,如人腦損傷后神經(jīng)細(xì)胞是否可再生等問(wèn)題,,一直是科學(xué)家探索的重要課題,。
經(jīng)過(guò)多年不懈努力,楊振綱和他的博士研究生王琮民,、李曉甦,、魏斌等較為詳細(xì)地確認(rèn)了成年獼猴大腦中的由神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞所“制造”的新生神經(jīng)元,并追蹤,、探索了這些新生神經(jīng)元在腦內(nèi)特有的“長(zhǎng)距離”遷移規(guī)律,。
而如何利用新生神經(jīng)細(xì)胞這一“長(zhǎng)距離”遷移能力,,以達(dá)到腦損傷治療的目的,,是科學(xué)家目前努力探索的重大課題。為進(jìn)一步探索“人腦奧秘”,,楊振綱團(tuán)隊(duì)緊接著又在武漢中國(guó)人腦庫(kù)提供的成年人腦組織研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)了神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞,,并發(fā)現(xiàn)這類神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞在腦內(nèi)非?;钴S,,可以不斷生成新的神經(jīng)元,。這項(xiàng)成果為人類腦損傷后神經(jīng)再生帶來(lái)新的希望,。
楊振綱等還利用條件性敲除基因的方法,對(duì)神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞在正常以及受損傷大腦內(nèi)的調(diào)控機(jī)制作了深入研究,,最終發(fā)現(xiàn),Sp8基因在神經(jīng)細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生和長(zhǎng)距離遷移過(guò)程中有重要作用,,如果沒(méi)有Sp8基因,神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞就不會(huì)發(fā)生其應(yīng)有功能,,也就是說(shuō),Sp8基因在神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞的重要作用遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)先前科學(xué)家對(duì)它的了解。
據(jù)楊振綱介紹,,有關(guān)“人腦發(fā)育的奧秘”和Sp8基因其他功能的研究,,目前神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞和神經(jīng)發(fā)育實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究團(tuán)隊(duì)正在深入進(jìn)行中。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處:
Cell Research doi: 10.1038/cr.2011.83
Identification and characterization of neuroblasts in the subventricular zone and rostral migratory stream of the adult human brain
Congmin Wang, Fang Liu, Ying-Ying Liu, Cai-Hong Zhao, Yan You1, Lei Wang, Jingxiao Zhang, Bin Wei, Tong Ma1, Qiangqiang Zhang, Yue Zhang, Rui Chen, Hongjun Song and Zhengang Yang
It is of great interest to identify new neurons in the adult human brain, but the persistence of neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the existence of the rostral migratory stream (RMS)-like pathway in the adult human forebrain remain highly controversial. In the present study, we have described the general configuration of the RMS in adult monkey, fetal human and adult human brains. We provide evidence that neuroblasts exist continuously in the anterior ventral SVZ and RMS of the adult human brain. The neuroblasts appear singly or in pairs without forming chains; they exhibit migratory morphologies and co-express the immature neuronal markers doublecortin, polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule and 逫II-tubulin. Few of these neuroblasts appear to be actively proliferating in the anterior ventral SVZ but none in the RMS, indicating that neuroblasts distributed along the RMS are most likely derived from the ventral SVZ. Interestingly, no neuroblasts are found in the adult human olfactory bulb. Taken together, our data suggest that the SVZ maintains the ability to produce neuroblasts in the adult human brain.