組織干細(xì)胞中線粒體功能紊亂能夠?qū)е滤ダ舷嚓P(guān)的組織退化(tissue degeneration)。芬蘭赫爾辛基大學(xué)Anu Suomalainen Wartiovaara教授領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一個(gè)研究小組與德國馬克斯-普朗克研究所(Max Planck Institute)衰老生物學(xué),、瑞典卡洛林斯卡學(xué)院(Karolinska Institutet)和美國威斯康辛大學(xué)研究人員合作開展研究,,2012年1月4日,在《細(xì)胞》子刊《細(xì)胞代謝》(Cell Metabolism)雜志上發(fā)表關(guān)于衰老相關(guān)退化機(jī)制的研究論文,。
干細(xì)胞被稱作組織的備用零件,,因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)谝簧?dāng)中能夠維修和修復(fù)組織。它們是多能性的,,能夠產(chǎn)生各種各樣的不同細(xì)胞類型,,比如血細(xì)胞、神經(jīng)元和皮膚細(xì)胞,。線粒體是細(xì)胞的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī):它們將營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的能量轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榧?xì)胞能夠使用的能量形式,,在這一過程中它們?nèi)紵蠖鄶?shù)攝入的氧氣。如果這種營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)燃燒是無效率的話,,線粒體發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)將產(chǎn)生廢氣和氧自由基,,而氧自由基破壞包括基因組在內(nèi)的細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)??寡趸瘎┠軌蚯宄@些自由基,。
在2004和2005年,,瑞典和美國科研人員已經(jīng)構(gòu)建出一個(gè)積累著大量線粒體基因組缺陷的研究模型,,結(jié)果導(dǎo)致提前衰老的癥狀:皮膚變薄、頭發(fā)變灰,、禿頭,、骨質(zhì)疏松和貧血。
在當(dāng)前的研究當(dāng)中,,Suomalainen Wartiovaara教授研究小組中的科學(xué)家Kati Ahlqvist證實(shí)這些癥狀部分上可以通過干細(xì)胞功能紊亂來解釋,。研究人員也發(fā)現(xiàn)早期的抗氧化劑治療可以部分上阻止這些缺陷發(fā)生。
Suomalainen Wartiovaara教授說,,“這提示著氧自由基調(diào)節(jié)干細(xì)胞功能以及這些干細(xì)胞非常容易受線粒體功能紊亂的影響,。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能在理解線粒體疾病發(fā)作機(jī)制上也是比較重要的。”
這些結(jié)果是在揭露能量代謝在調(diào)節(jié)干細(xì)胞功能和組織維持中意想不到的重要性方面的一次突破,。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)加深人們對(duì)衰老相關(guān)的退化機(jī)制上的理解,。(生物谷:towersimper編譯)
doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.11.012
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Somatic Progenitor Cell Vulnerability to Mitochondrial DNA Mutagenesis Underlies Progeroid Phenotypes in Polg Mutator Mice
Kati J. Ahlqvist, Riikka H. Hämäläinen, Shuichi Yatsuga, Marko Uutela, Mügen Terzioglu, Alexandra Götz, Saara Forsström, Petri Salven, Alexandre Angers-Loustau, Outi H. Kopra, Henna Tyynismaa, Nils-Göran Larsson, Kirmo Wartiovaara, Tomas Prolla, Aleksandra Trifunovic, Anu Suomalainen
Somatic stem cell (SSC) dysfunction is typical for different progeroid phenotypes in mice with genomic DNA repair defects. MtDNA mutagenesis in mice with defective Polg exonuclease activity also leads to progeroid symptoms, by an unknown mechanism. We found that Polg-Mutator mice had neural (NSC) and hematopoietic progenitor (HPC) dysfunction already from embryogenesis. NSC self-renewal was decreased in vitro, and quiescent NSC amounts were reduced in vivo. HPCs showed abnormal lineage differentiation leading to anemia and lymphopenia. N-acetyl-L-cysteine treatment rescued both NSC and HPC abnormalities, suggesting that subtle ROS/redox changes, induced by mtDNA mutagenesis, modulate SSC function. Our results show that mtDNA mutagenesis affected SSC function early but manifested as respiratory chain deficiency in nondividing tissues in old age. Deletor mice, having mtDNA deletions in postmitotic cells and no progeria, had normal SSCs. We propose that SSC compartment is sensitive to mtDNA mutagenesis, and that mitochondrial dysfunction in SSCs can underlie progeroid manifestations.