來自紐約大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院,,耶魯大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院等處的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)毛囊干細(xì)胞和黑素干細(xì)胞(melanocyte)通過一個(gè)著名的信號(hào)通路——Wnt信號(hào)通路來共同控制頭發(fā)的顏色和頭發(fā)的生長,這說明通過調(diào)控Wnt信號(hào)途徑,,也許能揭開白發(fā)形成過程之謎,,并且有助于黑色素瘤的研究,。這一研究成果公布在《細(xì)胞》(Cell)雜志上,并被作為頭條文章進(jìn)行推薦。
文章的通訊作者是紐約大學(xué)Langone醫(yī)學(xué)中心皮膚科副教授Mayumi Ito博士,,他認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)研究說明,,調(diào)控Wnt信號(hào)通路,將可以作為白發(fā)定向治療的新治療手段,。Wnt信號(hào)通路是一種已知的,,在人體的許多生物過程中發(fā)揮作用的一種信號(hào)通路。
在幾十年以前,,研究就已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)頭發(fā)的毛囊干細(xì)胞和色素細(xì)胞通過協(xié)同作用來控制頭發(fā)的顏色,,但其深層次的原因并不明確。
在這篇文章中,,研究人員通過小鼠實(shí)驗(yàn),,檢測Wnt信號(hào)通路如何使毛囊和黑素干細(xì)胞協(xié)同活動(dòng),進(jìn)而生成有色頭發(fā),。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)Wnt信號(hào)通路在兩種干細(xì)胞系協(xié)調(diào)和頭發(fā)色素的產(chǎn)生過程中發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用,,并且黑素干細(xì)胞Wnt信號(hào)通路的失活可導(dǎo)致脫色素,頭發(fā)即呈現(xiàn)出灰色,。他們同時(shí)還發(fā)現(xiàn)頭發(fā)毛囊干細(xì)胞中的異常Wnt信號(hào)會(huì)阻止頭發(fā)的再生,。
黑素干細(xì)胞能產(chǎn)生黑色素,從而使皮膚和頭發(fā)呈現(xiàn)黑色或深色,。當(dāng)Wnt蛋白結(jié)合在黑素細(xì)胞的時(shí)候,,就會(huì)激活黑素細(xì)胞加速分裂。黑素干細(xì)胞可自我置換并分化,。分化后的細(xì)胞繼續(xù)產(chǎn)生黑色素,,并注入頭發(fā)之中。這些子細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生黑色素的多少,,取決于一個(gè)人的基因,,因而人的頭發(fā)會(huì)有淺黑、金發(fā),、紅發(fā)等多種顏色,。
隨著人體衰老進(jìn)程的加速,黑素干細(xì)胞無法保全,,發(fā)生細(xì)胞凋亡或者失去應(yīng)有的功能,,因而才會(huì)導(dǎo)致頭發(fā)逐漸變成灰白、白色或銀色,。這個(gè)過程中,,Wnt信號(hào)蛋白質(zhì)可能是問題的關(guān)鍵。
除此之外,,研究人員還揭示了為什么壓力和驚嚇會(huì)加速頭發(fā)變白的原因,,他們分析了兩種可能,一種可能是Wnt信號(hào)蛋白與壓力導(dǎo)致的化學(xué)反應(yīng)過程相互作用,另一種可能是,,壓力導(dǎo)致的化學(xué)反應(yīng)過程直接影響到黑素細(xì)胞功能失常,。
無論如何,這項(xiàng)研究都說明了Wnt信號(hào)通路很可能是調(diào)控黑素干細(xì)胞的關(guān)鍵途徑,,也為也許能揭開白發(fā)形成過程之謎,,并且有助于黑色素瘤的研究。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處:
Cell DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2011.05.004
Coordinated Activation of Wnt in Epithelial and Melanocyte Stem Cells Initiates Pigmented Hair Regeneration
Piul Rabbani, Makoto Takeo, WeiChin Chou, Peggy Myung, Marcus Bosenberg, Lynda Chin, M. Mark Taketo, Mayumi Ito
Melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) intimately interact with epithelial stem cells (EpSCs) in the hair follicle bulge and secondary hair germ (sHG). Together, they undergo activation and differentiation to regenerate pigmented hair. However, the mechanisms behind this coordinated stem cell behavior have not been elucidated. Here, we identified Wnt signaling as a key pathway that couples the behavior of the two stem cells. EpSCs and McSCs coordinately activate Wnt signaling at the onset of hair follicle regeneration within the sHG. Using genetic mouse models that specifically target either EpSCs or McSCs, we show that Wnt activation in McSCs drives their differentiation into pigment-producing melanocytes, while EpSC Wnt signaling not only dictates hair follicle formation but also regulates McSC proliferation during hair regeneration. Our data define a role for Wnt signaling in the regulation of McSCs and also illustrate a mechanism for regeneration of complex organs through collaboration between heterotypic stem cell populations.