近日來自中科院上海生科院生化與細胞所的研究人員,,在新研究中揭示了tRNA 氨基酸接受末端在蛋白質生物合成及其精確性調控中的作用。相關研究論文發(fā)表在7月20日的《核酸研究》(Nucleic Acids Research)雜志上,。
領導這一研究的是著名生物化學與分子生物學家王恩多院士,,其長期從事酶學和酶與核酸的相互作用的研究,在蛋白質生物合成中關鍵的氨基酰-tRNA合成酶與tRNA相互作用的研究中做出了重要貢獻,,于2005年當選為中國科學院院士,。2006年當選為第三世界科學院院士。
亮氨酰-tRNA合成酶(LeuRS)在體內負責催化亮氨酸和對應tRNALeu之間的酯化反應(氨基?;磻?,,生成亮氨酰-tRNA(Leu-tRNALeu),為蛋白質生物合成提供原料,。該酯化反應對于保證核糖體上新生多肽鏈一級序列的精確性至關重要,。由于細胞內存在著22種蛋白質氨基酸以及大量的氨基酸代謝物和類似物,某些氨基酰-tRNA合成酶(aaRS)會錯誤地活化非對應氨基酸,。因此,,aaRS進化出編校功能(proofreading/editing)以去除在氨基酸選擇上的錯誤。王恩多實驗室于2009年和2010年發(fā)表兩篇J. Biol. Chem.,,詳細闡明了LeuRS所催化的編校反應機理,。同時發(fā)現(xiàn),tRNALeu在LeuRS所催化的編校反應中起著重要作用,。
在這項最新研究中,,王恩多實驗室周小龍博士等以tRNALeu作為主要研究對象,詳細研究了氨基酸接受末端(CCA76)在氨基?;磻?,特別是編校反應過程中的具體作用。發(fā)現(xiàn)保守的氨基酸接受末端中的A76對于氨基?;?、轉移前編校、轉移后編校起決定性作用,,而C75與C74的作用則更多地體現(xiàn)在氨基?;磻小_M一步地,,通過關鍵的體內實驗表明,,tRNALeu與LeuRS在體內協(xié)同作用,通過保守的氨基酸和CCA76共同調節(jié)蛋白質生物合成的精確性,,如果破壞這種協(xié)同作用,,細胞生長變慢。該項研究進一步豐富了對于tRNA絕對保守的氨基酸接受末端的生物學意義的認識,。
該研究得到國家自然科學基金委(30930022,、31000355)、上海市科委(09JC1415900)、中科院外國高級訪問教授 (2009S2-19),、法國國立科研中心國際合作項目(3606)等基金的資助,。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1093/nar/gkr595
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Role of tRNA amino acid-accepting end in aminoacylation and its quality control
Xiao-Long Zhou, Dao-Hai Du, Min Tan, Hui-Yan Lei, Liang-Liang Ruan, Gilbert Eriani and En-Duo Wang
Aminoacyl–tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are remarkable enzymes that are in charge of the accurate recognition and ligation of amino acids and tRNA molecules. The greatest difficulty in accurate aminoacylation appears to be in discriminating between highly similar amino acids. To reduce mischarging of tRNAs by non-cognate amino acids, aaRSs have evolved an editing activity in a second active site to cleave the incorrect aminoacyl–tRNAs. Editing occurs after translocation of the aminoacyl–CCA76 end to the editing site, switching between a hairpin and a helical conformation for aminoacylation and editing. Here, we studied the consequence of nucleotide changes in the CCA76 accepting end of tRNALeu during the aminoacylation and editing reactions. The analysis showed that the terminal A76 is essential for both reactions, suggesting that critical interactions occur in the two catalytic sites. Substitutions of C74 and C75 selectively decreased aminoacylation keeping nearly unaffected editing. These mutations might favor the regular helical conformation required to reach the editing site. Mutating the editing domain residues that contribute to CCA76 binding reduced the aminoacylation fidelity leading to cell-toxicity in the presence of non-cognate amino acids. Collectively, the data show how protein synthesis quality is controlled by the CCA76 homogeneity of tRNAs.