運用一種DNA條形碼技術(shù)來進行比較基因組學研究,科學家就可以識別出寄生蠕蟲的不同種類以及生活周期,,這樣,,研究者就可以提出建議,人們的食物是否會違背猶太教飲食規(guī)則,,研究者的研究成果已經(jīng)于近日刊登在了國際雜志Journal of Parasitology上,,文章中,研究者揭示了人類的食物中盡管含有一些線蟲,,但是依然符合猶太教的飲食規(guī)則,。
大約75%的預包裝食品都要成為符合猶太教規(guī)的清潔食物,無脊椎動物學博物館館長Mark Siddall表示,,許多非猶太教人在準備食物的時候就需要尋找到這樣的規(guī)則,,不含有猶太教規(guī)的違規(guī)食品,如果你是一個食品供應商,,沒有掌握這樣的規(guī)則,,將會面臨很大麻煩,。這項研究去年三月份開始,研究者們將一些合乎規(guī)定的沙丁魚和毛鱗魚蛋帶勁了博物館,,研究者的重點是想看看蠕蟲的出現(xiàn)會不是成為一個標志,,就是以后在沙丁魚和毛鱗魚蛋中是否可以添加別的合乎規(guī)定的內(nèi)容物,如果確實如此,,以后就可以進行添加,。
決定罐頭食品是否合乎規(guī)定關鍵在于蠕蟲的生活周期,研究者Siddall說,,有些種類的蠕蟲在幼蟲期時會生活在魚類的肌肉中,,而別的種類在成年的時候生長在魚的腸道中,如果我們知道了這些寄生蟲的生長周期,,那么我們就可以確定哪些種類的寄生蟲是可以在罐頭食品中的。為了進行研究,,研究者們用遺傳條形碼的技術(shù),,可以短時間內(nèi)高效率地識別任何一片肉,甚至是皮革上的寄生蟲種群,。
在本研究中,,研究者識別出了許多不同種類的線蟲,這些發(fā)現(xiàn)的線蟲沒有一種生活在魚類的腸道之中,,因此就再次證明了在魚肉和雞蛋中并沒有蛔蟲的存在,,也符合猶太教的飲食規(guī)則,文章中的另一作者Sebastian Kvist表示,,對于研究來說,,我們是第一次將DNA條形碼技術(shù)應用于大眾關心的問題上,我們的研究成果又是一個例證,,證明了一切科學研究就是為幫助人們,,為人們服務的。(生物谷:T.Shen編譯)
doi:10.1645/GE-2994.1
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PMID:
DNA barcoding of parasitic nematodes: Is it kosher?
Siddall ME, Kvist S, Phillips AJ, Oceguera-Figueroa AF.
Abstract Nematode parasites were encountered in kosher certified fish meat and roe, and the question was raised as to whether or not these food products were kosher as it concerns food preparation standards; a matter that pertains to the identity and, by extension, the lifecycle of the parasites. To ascertain the identities of parasitic nematodes, given the distorted or damaged nature of the specimens, molecular techniques were applied in the form of DNA barcoding. To our knowledge, this is the first application of this technique to an obviously cultural concern, as opposed to one of health or economic significance. Results, based both on cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and II suggested that the parasite species found in the fish products are anisakine species that do not inhabit the intestinal lumen of the fish hosts examined. Thus, there was no evidence of failure to adhere to food preparation practices consistent with the proscriptions of Orthodox Judaism. Notwithstanding the success of DNA barcoding in determining, at least, the higher taxonomic identities of the parasites, some shortcomings of the DNA barcoding pipeline as it pertains to nematode parasites were encountered; specifically, the paucity of data available for the DNA barcoding locus even for very common nematode taxa.