運(yùn)用一種DNA條形碼技術(shù)來(lái)進(jìn)行比較基因組學(xué)研究,，科學(xué)家就可以識(shí)別出寄生蠕蟲(chóng)的不同種類以及生活周期，這樣,，研究者就可以提出建議,，人們的食物是否會(huì)違背猶太教飲食規(guī)則，研究者的研究成果已經(jīng)于近日刊登在了國(guó)際雜志Journal of Parasitology上,，文章中,，研究者揭示了人類的食物中盡管含有一些線蟲(chóng)，但是依然符合猶太教的飲食規(guī)則,。
大約75%的預(yù)包裝食品都要成為符合猶太教規(guī)的清潔食物,，無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物學(xué)博物館館長(zhǎng)Mark Siddall表示，許多非猶太教人在準(zhǔn)備食物的時(shí)候就需要尋找到這樣的規(guī)則,，不含有猶太教規(guī)的違規(guī)食品,，如果你是一個(gè)食品供應(yīng)商，沒(méi)有掌握這樣的規(guī)則,，將會(huì)面臨很大麻煩,。這項(xiàng)研究去年三月份開(kāi)始，研究者們將一些合乎規(guī)定的沙丁魚(yú)和毛鱗魚(yú)蛋帶勁了博物館,，研究者的重點(diǎn)是想看看蠕蟲(chóng)的出現(xiàn)會(huì)不是成為一個(gè)標(biāo)志,，就是以后在沙丁魚(yú)和毛鱗魚(yú)蛋中是否可以添加別的合乎規(guī)定的內(nèi)容物，如果確實(shí)如此,，以后就可以進(jìn)行添加,。
決定罐頭食品是否合乎規(guī)定關(guān)鍵在于蠕蟲(chóng)的生活周期，研究者Siddall說(shuō),，有些種類的蠕蟲(chóng)在幼蟲(chóng)期時(shí)會(huì)生活在魚(yú)類的肌肉中,，而別的種類在成年的時(shí)候生長(zhǎng)在魚(yú)的腸道中，如果我們知道了這些寄生蟲(chóng)的生長(zhǎng)周期,，那么我們就可以確定哪些種類的寄生蟲(chóng)是可以在罐頭食品中的,。為了進(jìn)行研究，研究者們用遺傳條形碼的技術(shù),，可以短時(shí)間內(nèi)高效率地識(shí)別任何一片肉,，甚至是皮革上的寄生蟲(chóng)種群。
在本研究中,，研究者識(shí)別出了許多不同種類的線蟲(chóng),，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)的線蟲(chóng)沒(méi)有一種生活在魚(yú)類的腸道之中，因此就再次證明了在魚(yú)肉和雞蛋中并沒(méi)有蛔蟲(chóng)的存在,，也符合猶太教的飲食規(guī)則,，文章中的另一作者Sebastian Kvist表示，對(duì)于研究來(lái)說(shuō),，我們是第一次將DNA條形碼技術(shù)應(yīng)用于大眾關(guān)心的問(wèn)題上,，我們的研究成果又是一個(gè)例證，證明了一切科學(xué)研究就是為幫助人們,，為人們服務(wù)的,。（生物谷：T.Shen編譯）
doi:10.1645/GE-2994.1
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PMID:
DNA barcoding of parasitic nematodes: Is it kosher?
Siddall ME, Kvist S, Phillips AJ, Oceguera-Figueroa AF.
Abstract Nematode parasites were encountered in kosher certified fish meat and roe, and the question was raised as to whether or not these food products were kosher as it concerns food preparation standards; a matter that pertains to the identity and, by extension, the lifecycle of the parasites. To ascertain the identities of parasitic nematodes, given the distorted or damaged nature of the specimens, molecular techniques were applied in the form of DNA barcoding. To our knowledge, this is the first application of this technique to an obviously cultural concern, as opposed to one of health or economic significance. Results, based both on cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and II suggested that the parasite species found in the fish products are anisakine species that do not inhabit the intestinal lumen of the fish hosts examined. Thus, there was no evidence of failure to adhere to food preparation practices consistent with the proscriptions of Orthodox Judaism. Notwithstanding the success of DNA barcoding in determining, at least, the higher taxonomic identities of the parasites, some shortcomings of the DNA barcoding pipeline as it pertains to nematode parasites were encountered; specifically, the paucity of data available for the DNA barcoding locus even for very common nematode taxa.
