美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局(NASA)正致力于尋找在未來(lái)太空長(zhǎng)期飛行或者嘗試移居開(kāi)拓其他星球時(shí),,能夠有一個(gè)既可處理人類(lèi)的廢棄物又滿足于燃料需求的兩全之計(jì)。據(jù)物理學(xué)家組織網(wǎng)4月16日?qǐng)?bào)道,,為達(dá)此目的,,NASA將塑料管漂浮在海水中作為小型生物反應(yīng)器,,用其中的廢水,、二氧化碳結(jié)合陽(yáng)光種植出可制造生物燃料的藻類(lèi)。這套高達(dá)1000萬(wàn)美元,、被稱為生長(zhǎng)藻類(lèi)海上膜罩(OMEGA)的研究系統(tǒng)于4月17日在舊金山東南部一個(gè)污水處理廠開(kāi)放展示,。
該項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人、生命支持工程師喬納森·特倫特說(shuō),,OMEGA采用的是一個(gè)創(chuàng)新的方法來(lái)種植藻類(lèi),、清潔廢水、捕獲二氧化碳,,并最終產(chǎn)生生物燃料,。此系統(tǒng)使用污水作為藻類(lèi)的生長(zhǎng)介質(zhì),不與農(nóng)業(yè)爭(zhēng)新鮮水,、搶肥料或侵占土地,。OMEGA由一個(gè)個(gè)大型柔性塑料管組成,漂浮在海上,。這些塑料管被稱為光生物反應(yīng)器,容納可在廢水中生長(zhǎng)的淡水藻類(lèi),,而這些藻類(lèi)是地球上生長(zhǎng)最快的植物之一,。
特倫特介紹說(shuō),這個(gè)思路非常切合實(shí)際,。最初的想法是創(chuàng)建一個(gè)類(lèi)似于廢物處理設(shè)施且又不占用土地的藻類(lèi)農(nóng)場(chǎng),,而現(xiàn)在發(fā)展成為用塑料管漂浮在海上的想法,有別于在陸地上建立巨大水池的傳統(tǒng)系統(tǒng),。實(shí)驗(yàn)中,,他們?cè)诿總€(gè)長(zhǎng)約4米的管狀袋里的廢水和二氧化碳中播了種;漂浮在海上的透明塑料包裝管可讓陽(yáng)光照進(jìn),;海水不僅可以作為放置這些塑料管的地方,,也有助于給藻類(lèi)降溫;藻類(lèi)“吃”廢水而成長(zhǎng),,直到管子被填滿,,此時(shí)就可把藻類(lèi)從中移出用于制造生物燃料。
迄今的報(bào)告表明,,以這種方式建立藻類(lèi)農(nóng)場(chǎng)每年將能夠在不到兩平方英里的地區(qū)生產(chǎn)超過(guò)2.5百萬(wàn)加侖的燃料,。特倫特說(shuō),由于現(xiàn)在用的是基于石油的塑料管,,有一天在海水中會(huì)降解增加其固有的碳足跡,,因此建立這樣一個(gè)真正的農(nóng)場(chǎng),二氧化碳可從附近的發(fā)電廠獲得,有助于減少整個(gè)過(guò)程的碳足跡,。他還表示,,如果一個(gè)或多個(gè)管遭遇暴風(fēng)雨時(shí)破裂,不用擔(dān)心藻類(lèi)會(huì)死在海水里,,而釋放的廢水將由污水處理設(shè)施用泵送入海灣,。
顯然,新型塑料還有待開(kāi)發(fā)以促使這個(gè)項(xiàng)目更為可行,,特別是未來(lái)將該系統(tǒng)移植應(yīng)用于太空探索,。或許可以用生物降解材料制造塑料管,,以便其最終可作肥料使用,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
Offshore Membrane Enclosures for Growing Algae (OMEGA) is an innovative method to grow algae, clean wastewater, capture carbon dioxide and to ultimately produce biofuel without competing with agriculture for water, fertilizer or land.
NASA’s OMEGA system consists of large flexible plastic tubes, called photobioreactors. Floating in seawater, the photobioreactors contain freshwater algae growing in wastewater. These algae are among the fastest growing plants on Earth.
The algae use energy from the sun, carbon dioxide and nutrients from the wastewater to produce biomass that can be converted into biofuels as well as other useful products such as fertilizer and animal food. The algae clean the wastewater by removing nutrients that otherwise would contribute to marine deadzone formation.
NASA’s project goals are to investigate the technical feasibility of a unique floating algae cultivation system and prepare the way for commercial applications. Research by scientists and engineers has demonstrated that OMEGA is an effective way to grow microalgae and treat wastewater on a small scale.
The OMEGA system is being investigated by NASA as an alternative way to produce aviation fuels. Potential implications of replacing fossil fuels include reducing the release of green house gases, decreasing ocean acidification, and enhancing national security.